The second was 2005 Hurricane Vince, which formed next to the Madeira Islands in the Atlantic Ocean as the first detected hurricane to develop over this area and the first known tropical cyclone to make landfall in Spain. Noting that anthropogenic climate change might be responsible for altering the geographical areas where tropical cyclones develop, Gaertner et al. use an ensemble of regional climate models to assess new locations of tropical cyclone occurrence. They find an increase in extremes of cyclone intensity over the Mediterranean Sea in climate change scenario simulations. This increase, at least for the most sensitive model, is clearly related to tropical cyclone formation, revealing for the first time a risk of tropical cyclone development over the Mediterranean Sea under future climate change conditions. Though the uncertainties are large, further application of the method used in the study could yield more specific assessments of this risk.-American Geophysical Union