Although it has been demonstrated that Helicobacter pylori causes gastric cancer, it is still controversial that whether H. pylori eradication therapy is effective in primary prevention of gastric cancer. This is especially important for Yamagata Prefecture, a region of Japan with the second highest incidence of gastric cancer in the world.

Checkpoint with forkhead and ring finger (CHFR) is a mitotic stress checkpoint gene whose promoter is frequently methylated in various kinds of cancer. In gastric cancer, CHFR promoter hypermethylation has been reported to lead to chromosome instability (CIN) and genetic instability is one of the hallmarks of human cancer.

Gastric cancer (GC) is one of the most common malignancies in the world with a high incidence and death rate. TNM staging system is used worldwide to predict prognosis and direct therapeutic decisions of patients with GC. However, the prognoses of patients with stage 2 and 3 GC are more heterogeneous and less predictable by staging criteria.

Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) that both initiate and modulate the immune response. DCs are cells in the pathway of antigen capture and presentation to T cells, with the unique ability to directly prime naïve CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

The sequencing of the human genome has opened the door for proteomics by providing a sequence-based framework for mining proteomes. As a result, there is intense interest in applying proteomics to foster a better understanding of cancer processes, develop new biomarkers for diagnosis and early detection of cancer.

The potential role of Eph receptor and ephrin ligand family in human cancer is receiving increasing attention. Compared with other Eph receptors, EphA4 is distinguished by its ability to bind to both type A ephrins and most type B ephrins.

Modern cancer care is critically dependent on imaging technologies, which are used to detect early tumors and guide their therapy or surgery.

Gastric carcinoma is one of the most frequent malignant tumors in the world. The gastric carcinoma cell with fibroblastic pattern which intracellular adhesion was decreased showed active mobility and invasiveness，which indicated that the EMT was placed.

Establishment of human gastric cancer nude mouse transplantation models has undergone three representative stages: subcutaneous transplantation of cell suspension, gastric wall seeding of cell suspension, and intra-gastric wall transplantation of histologically intact tissue, of which the fresh tissue orthotopic transplantation model has two types:

Under 10 mmHg CO2 pressure, there were no obvious effects on MKN-45 cellsЎЇ proliferation and apoptosis. At 15 mmHg CO2 insufflation pressure, cells proliferation was inhibited and apoptosis improved. It may be that CO2 gas affected the growth of gastric cancer cells.

Paraaortic lymph node metastasis in patients with pancreatico-biliary carcinoma has been reported as a definite predictor of early recurrence and shorter survival term.

The type 1 Na+/H+ exchanger (NHE1) is a transmembrane protein found in all eukaryotic cells. One of its functions is to evacuate excessive H+ in the cytoplasm by means of Na+-H+ exchange, resulting in stable intracellular pH value. Inhibition of the upregulation of NHE-1 gene expression in human gastric carcinoma cells can induce intracellular acidification, resulting in apoptosis of tumor cells, which is helpful for the treatment of tumors.